FREE NEWSLETTER

Amassing money shouldn’t be our sole purpose—but young adults without financial ambition often seem to have no purpose.

Latest PostsAll Discussions »

What Would You Do?

"I already answered the OP, but this comment prompts me to share a later thought I had. What if I ran out out space in traditional vehicles and had to hold some bonds in a Roth to maintain my bond allocation? This circumstance wouldn’t change the fact that I expect the Roth to be a long term growth engine. So I would be willing to take some risk here, say with a multi-sector or more aggressive core-plus bond fund. "
- Michael1
Read more »

How do you really feel about 401k plans?

"At the height of their popularity (roughly 1970s–early 1980s), about 45–50% of private-sector workers had a pension plan, compared to ~15% today. In some industries, typically heavily unionized, 80% or so of workers had a pension plan. It would be nice to think everyone can save and invest and accumulate funds for a secure retirement on their own, especially at a time when retirement can be as long as working years, but reality says otherwise. How different retirement would be for all of us without Social Security, even the financially savvy people on HD. Pensions are not coming back and work patterns showing relatively short tenure with one employer means pensions would be of little value anyway. So, we’re left with defined contribution plans and Social Security. And even employer DC plans don’t apply to all workers. To even my conservative side that means to me that if we don’t want the next generation of retirees financially wanting and negatively affecting the economy in the process, we need to strengthen the social security system and spread the additional tax burden on workers and employers while recognizing the short-term consequences. "
- R Quinn
Read more »

Tell me my error in thinking

"You are correct Randy with what we have been told in a community property state. Full step-up on full death, we just need to draw straws, or continue holding and paying the taxes, which is a good problem, or gift rental property with our basis and let the children do a 1031 or hold until they gift. Pon death. Of one the solution is easy, step-up and sell with no gain."
- robert waldorff
Read more »

Consolidating 401(k)s in retirement

"Consolidation is really part of simplification. It has saved me a lot of headaches. But I resolved to consolidate four or five diverse accounts only down to two providers, not one. I want to be able to compare how they operate, identify things I like and dislike about their operations, see who has best practices, play them off against one another, and have a place to go if one starts to go downhill. (Funny, they both have made aggressive pitches to me to manage all my money/accounts, and I've not been convinced by their reasons why I should do that. I like having two providers. I feel much more in control of my future.)"
- Martin McCue
Read more »

Gold Isn’t Special

WHAT WAS THE road to outstanding investment performance in 2025? For the first time in a long time, it wasn’t Apple, Amazon or Nvidia. It was gold. Delivering its best performance in 45 years, gold rose nearly 65%. Despite these impressive gains, however, I still don’t see gold as a great investment.  Why not? The most fundamental problem, in my view, is that gold lacks intrinsic value. Unlike traditional investments such as stocks, bonds and real estate, which produce dividends, interest and rent, respectively, gold generates no income. As a result, there is no tangible basis for determining an appropriate price—or even an appropriate price range—for gold. Warren Buffett explained it best, when he posed this thought experiment: Suppose, he said, that you owned all the gold in the world and fashioned it into one giant cube. What would it do for you? Buffett joked that you could, “climb up on top of it…polish it…stare at it.” But that’s it. Because unlike productive assets, gold doesn’t produce anything. That’s a problem because it makes the price of gold volatile and unpredictable. “All you are doing when you buy [gold] is that you’re hoping that somebody else a year from now, or five years from now, will pay you more to own something that, again, can’t do anything,” Buffett added. Another key problem with gold: It’s perceived as a way to hedge against inflation, but that’s more of a perception than a reality. Gold’s reputation as an inflation hedge stems mainly from its performance during the 1970s, when inflation in the U.S. ran as high as 14%. During that decade, gold rose dramatically, from $35 an ounce in 1970 to $750 in 1980. That led many investors to conclude that gold and inflation must be linked.  But in subsequent years, gold languished. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, gold mostly traded between $300 and $400. It wasn’t until 2007 that gold finally got back above its 1980 peak. Gold has also disappointed investors in more recent years. In 2022, when inflation rose as high as 9%, gold didn’t do terribly well. It did rise early in the year, but when inflation later eased, gold fell. By the end of 2022, gold prices had fallen all the way back to where they’d started. In a year which saw the worst inflation in a generation, gold delivered essentially no net gains. These are the reasons I’ve never seen gold as being a useful investment, but after last year’s rally, the risk is now even higher. And especially because gold lacks intrinsic value, there is very little supporting it, other than the confluence of five factors that happened to come together in 2025 but aren’t guaranteed to repeat. What were those factors? First, the Federal Reserve lowered interest rates multiple times in 2025. Interest rates affect gold prices indirectly because higher rates make it relatively more attractive to own bonds or other income-generating assets. When rates fall, the opportunity cost of owning gold falls, making it relatively more attractive. The second factor that lifted gold in 2025 was a sense of uncertainty over global events. This included Russia’s ongoing war with Ukraine as well as rising tension between the U.S. and other dictators around the world, from China to Iran to Venezuela. Because of its very long track record, gold is seen as a “safe haven” during times of uncertainty like this. It is arguably the oldest store of value still in use, and because it is easy to transport and can be converted into currency anywhere, it tends to gain in value when other assets seem more at risk. What else drove gold in 2025? Central banks around the world have been increasing their gold reserves in recent years. When Russia first invaded Ukraine, the U.S. froze many of Russia’s financial assets. All things being equal, that made gold a more attractive holding to countries worried that they too might end up on the wrong side of future sanctions. That incremental demand has helped further boost prices. Gold has also benefitted from what’s been called the debasement trade. This term originated in ancient times when governments would dilute their coins as a way to easily increase spending. In the short term, this strategy was effective, allowing a government to expand its budget without raising taxes. In the long term, though, it typically backfired, resulting in higher inflation. Investors are worried that the U.S. is experiencing a modern-day version of this. Even with Covid now several years in the past, federal government spending continues to outstrip revenue by nearly $2 trillion a year. The concern is that this will impact the value of U.S. Treasury bonds, and that’s led some number of investors to shift to gold as an alternative. A final reason that gold has been rising is because it’s been rising. There is a momentum factor, in other words. As investors watched gold climb the leaderboard last year, those gains attracted other investors, which created further upward pressure on prices. Last year, in other words, was the perfect environment for gold. The challenge, of course, is that past performance doesn’t guarantee future results. If some number of these dynamics reverse in 2026, gold’s rally could stall out. Which way will things go? No one knows, but the good news for investors is that you shouldn’t feel compelled to invest in gold. Yes, it’s been going up, but there are many other ways to build a reasonable portfolio. And jumping into an asset after it has already logged significant gains carries significant risk.   Adam M. Grossman is the founder of Mayport, a fixed-fee wealth management firm. Sign up for Adam's Daily Ideas email, follow him on X @AdamMGrossman and check out his earlier articles.  
Read more »

The “Mean Girls”/Junior High Bullies at HumbleDollar

"When I see the trolls at work, I cancel out one of their downvotes."
- Randy Dobkin
Read more »

Warm Heart Cool Head and Cold Cash

"Quan, Did you consider a single premium immediate or deferred annuity? It would guarantee a monthly payment for life, protect the principle from them getting access to it, and remove the responsibility of you or someone else having to manage it and tell them “no, they can’t have it”."
- John & Marty Long
Read more »

No Such Thing as Easy Money

"Robert, thanks for this. Many of us DIY investors don't know what we don't know. I believe that the majority of the population requires the help of an fee based advisor such as yourself. Sadly, I was once in the business, employed by a firm that was owned by a huge insurance company. they were all about selling several of the products I mentioned in my article. Consumers lacking financial acumen can't distinguish the good guys from the bad. And of course, I would never advise anyone to go all in on the S&P, or any other single index."
- Dan Smith
Read more »

Asset Protection Ideas

MANY PEOPLE FOCUS on building wealth through asset allocation and investment choices. Far fewer think about asset protection. In my opinion, protecting wealth is just as important as building it, especially since decades of disciplined saving and investing can be undone in one unfortunate event. In this article, I wanted to discuss some of the strategies and tips that I've learned, and implemented in my personal finance journey. Quick disclaimer: I'm not a lawyer, and this is just my personal interpretation of various federal and state laws. Asset protection rules can vary significantly by state and individual circumstances. Please consult a qualified attorney.   401(k) / 403(b) Plans Investing in a 401(k) or 403(b) plan is one of the strongest and simplest ways to protect your assets. These plans are governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), which provides amazing protection against creditor judgments. ERISA protection applies nationwide, regardless of state law, and generally protects it from lawsuits, creditor claims, and bankruptcy. Most 403(b) plans are also covered under ERISA, although there are important exceptions. For example, some 403(b) plans sponsored by churches or religious organizations may not receive ERISA protection. It's best to confirm if your plan qualifies with HR. Because of this protection, maxing contributions to a 401(k) or ERISA-covered 403(b) isn’t just a smart tax arbitrage or a wealth building strategy. It’s also a powerful asset protection strategy.    Rollover IRA If you leave your job and roll your 401(k) or 403(b) into a rollover IRA, asset protection becomes more nuanced. At the federal bankruptcy level, rollover IRAs funded exclusively with ERISA plan assets generally receive unlimited protection. Outside of bankruptcy (e.g. during a lawsuit), creditor protection for IRAs is governed by state law. Some states provide unlimited protection for IRAs, while others impose dollar caps or offer limited protection depending on the nature of the claim. If you have both a rollover IRA and an active 401(k), it’s often recommended to roll the rollover IRA back into the 401(k) when possible. Doing so restores full ERISA protection, which is typically stronger than state-law IRA protections.  However, something to keep in mind is that if your 401(k) plan has poor investment options or high expense ratios, the tradeoff may not be worth it. Rolling a rollover IRA into a 401(k) can also be good for those planning to use the Backdoor Roth IRA strategy, since pre-tax IRA balances become complicated due to "pro-rata rule"   Traditional IRA / Roth IRA For situations other than bankruptcy, protection of Traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs from creditor judgments is determined primarily by state law. This means the level of protection can be extremely different depending on your residence. At the federal level, the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 provides an exemption for Traditional and Roth IRAs up to $1 million, adjusted for inflation (~$1.7 million in 2026). Amounts above this threshold may be exposed in bankruptcy. It’s also important to distinguish between:
  1. IRA assets you personally contributed (e.g. Roth IRA contribution)
  2. Assets rolled over from a 401(k) or 403(b) (e.g. Roth 401k rollover)
These are typically treated differently under the law, and maintaining separate accounts for rollovers versus contributions can help preserve protections. In general, even protected retirement accounts can still be accessed for:
  1. Divorce settlements
  2. Child support or alimony
  3. Federal tax liens
  Primary Residence Many states offer a homestead exemption, which protects some or all of the equity in your primary residence from creditors. The scope of this protection varies by state. Some states offer unlimited homestead exemptions, meaning there is no dollar cap on the amount of equity that can be protected. These include:   > Arkansas > Florida > Iowa > Kansas > Oklahoma > South Dakota > Texas   In these states, individuals can potentially protect wealth by holding it in their primary residence. This is why many doctors buy bigger houses, as they have potentially higher liability. Many other states have limits. California, for example, provides exemptions generally ranging from $300,000 to $600,000, based on county median home prices. Illinois offers a much smaller exemption, $50,000 per person (it was only $15,000 in 2025) Because the homestead rules are state specific and can change, you have to understand your local exemption before relying on your home as an asset protection strategy.   Insurance Insurance is one of the most overlooked, but effective, asset protection tools. Beyond basic policies like auto, homeowners, or landlord insurance, umbrella insurance provides an extra layer of liability coverage. Umbrella policies typically kick in once underlying policy limits are exhausted and can cover a wide range of claims. For relatively low annual premiums, umbrella insurance can protect against large judgments.   More Complex Strategies There are additional asset protection strategies, but they are more complex and often require legal and tax guidance. 1. LLCs If you own a business or rental property with liability risk, forming an LLC can help isolate that risk from your personal assets. However, you have to set it up correctly and comply with LLC regulations. Failure to maintain separation between personal and business finances can lead to “piercing the veil,” potentially eliminating the protection. 2. Irrevocable Trusts Assets transferred into the irrevocable trust don't belong to you personally, which can provide strong creditor protection. Your family or other beneficiaries can benefit from the trust, but you give up control and ownership of the assets.   Bogdan Sheremeta is a licensed CPA based in Illinois with experience at Deloitte and a Fortune 200 multinational.
Read more »

Customizing the Safe Withdrawal Rate

"I dont pay a whole of attention to the 4% guideline (I hate the word rule..) but Bill Bengen the author of it, recently revised it to 4.7% over 30 years which probably is aligned with the Morningstar study. Your concerns are one of the several reasons we engage the services of a retirement financial planner. The value cannot be quantified beyond the obvious benefits of delegation, peace of mind, getting aligned, and continuity in cognitive decline, but Id venture to guess we have both saved and made more money after fees than if we did not have a planner. Not only we have the license to spend, which is wonderful and our plan definitely addresses inflation risk and increased costs in its projection out to 95. Regardless, you seem pretty conservative and my guess is you will be fine with that allocation and timeline and that your portfolio performance likely supports that."
- Rob Jennings
Read more »

What Would You Do?

"I already answered the OP, but this comment prompts me to share a later thought I had. What if I ran out out space in traditional vehicles and had to hold some bonds in a Roth to maintain my bond allocation? This circumstance wouldn’t change the fact that I expect the Roth to be a long term growth engine. So I would be willing to take some risk here, say with a multi-sector or more aggressive core-plus bond fund. "
- Michael1
Read more »

How do you really feel about 401k plans?

"At the height of their popularity (roughly 1970s–early 1980s), about 45–50% of private-sector workers had a pension plan, compared to ~15% today. In some industries, typically heavily unionized, 80% or so of workers had a pension plan. It would be nice to think everyone can save and invest and accumulate funds for a secure retirement on their own, especially at a time when retirement can be as long as working years, but reality says otherwise. How different retirement would be for all of us without Social Security, even the financially savvy people on HD. Pensions are not coming back and work patterns showing relatively short tenure with one employer means pensions would be of little value anyway. So, we’re left with defined contribution plans and Social Security. And even employer DC plans don’t apply to all workers. To even my conservative side that means to me that if we don’t want the next generation of retirees financially wanting and negatively affecting the economy in the process, we need to strengthen the social security system and spread the additional tax burden on workers and employers while recognizing the short-term consequences. "
- R Quinn
Read more »

Tell me my error in thinking

"You are correct Randy with what we have been told in a community property state. Full step-up on full death, we just need to draw straws, or continue holding and paying the taxes, which is a good problem, or gift rental property with our basis and let the children do a 1031 or hold until they gift. Pon death. Of one the solution is easy, step-up and sell with no gain."
- robert waldorff
Read more »

Consolidating 401(k)s in retirement

"Consolidation is really part of simplification. It has saved me a lot of headaches. But I resolved to consolidate four or five diverse accounts only down to two providers, not one. I want to be able to compare how they operate, identify things I like and dislike about their operations, see who has best practices, play them off against one another, and have a place to go if one starts to go downhill. (Funny, they both have made aggressive pitches to me to manage all my money/accounts, and I've not been convinced by their reasons why I should do that. I like having two providers. I feel much more in control of my future.)"
- Martin McCue
Read more »

Gold Isn’t Special

WHAT WAS THE road to outstanding investment performance in 2025? For the first time in a long time, it wasn’t Apple, Amazon or Nvidia. It was gold. Delivering its best performance in 45 years, gold rose nearly 65%. Despite these impressive gains, however, I still don’t see gold as a great investment.  Why not? The most fundamental problem, in my view, is that gold lacks intrinsic value. Unlike traditional investments such as stocks, bonds and real estate, which produce dividends, interest and rent, respectively, gold generates no income. As a result, there is no tangible basis for determining an appropriate price—or even an appropriate price range—for gold. Warren Buffett explained it best, when he posed this thought experiment: Suppose, he said, that you owned all the gold in the world and fashioned it into one giant cube. What would it do for you? Buffett joked that you could, “climb up on top of it…polish it…stare at it.” But that’s it. Because unlike productive assets, gold doesn’t produce anything. That’s a problem because it makes the price of gold volatile and unpredictable. “All you are doing when you buy [gold] is that you’re hoping that somebody else a year from now, or five years from now, will pay you more to own something that, again, can’t do anything,” Buffett added. Another key problem with gold: It’s perceived as a way to hedge against inflation, but that’s more of a perception than a reality. Gold’s reputation as an inflation hedge stems mainly from its performance during the 1970s, when inflation in the U.S. ran as high as 14%. During that decade, gold rose dramatically, from $35 an ounce in 1970 to $750 in 1980. That led many investors to conclude that gold and inflation must be linked.  But in subsequent years, gold languished. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, gold mostly traded between $300 and $400. It wasn’t until 2007 that gold finally got back above its 1980 peak. Gold has also disappointed investors in more recent years. In 2022, when inflation rose as high as 9%, gold didn’t do terribly well. It did rise early in the year, but when inflation later eased, gold fell. By the end of 2022, gold prices had fallen all the way back to where they’d started. In a year which saw the worst inflation in a generation, gold delivered essentially no net gains. These are the reasons I’ve never seen gold as being a useful investment, but after last year’s rally, the risk is now even higher. And especially because gold lacks intrinsic value, there is very little supporting it, other than the confluence of five factors that happened to come together in 2025 but aren’t guaranteed to repeat. What were those factors? First, the Federal Reserve lowered interest rates multiple times in 2025. Interest rates affect gold prices indirectly because higher rates make it relatively more attractive to own bonds or other income-generating assets. When rates fall, the opportunity cost of owning gold falls, making it relatively more attractive. The second factor that lifted gold in 2025 was a sense of uncertainty over global events. This included Russia’s ongoing war with Ukraine as well as rising tension between the U.S. and other dictators around the world, from China to Iran to Venezuela. Because of its very long track record, gold is seen as a “safe haven” during times of uncertainty like this. It is arguably the oldest store of value still in use, and because it is easy to transport and can be converted into currency anywhere, it tends to gain in value when other assets seem more at risk. What else drove gold in 2025? Central banks around the world have been increasing their gold reserves in recent years. When Russia first invaded Ukraine, the U.S. froze many of Russia’s financial assets. All things being equal, that made gold a more attractive holding to countries worried that they too might end up on the wrong side of future sanctions. That incremental demand has helped further boost prices. Gold has also benefitted from what’s been called the debasement trade. This term originated in ancient times when governments would dilute their coins as a way to easily increase spending. In the short term, this strategy was effective, allowing a government to expand its budget without raising taxes. In the long term, though, it typically backfired, resulting in higher inflation. Investors are worried that the U.S. is experiencing a modern-day version of this. Even with Covid now several years in the past, federal government spending continues to outstrip revenue by nearly $2 trillion a year. The concern is that this will impact the value of U.S. Treasury bonds, and that’s led some number of investors to shift to gold as an alternative. A final reason that gold has been rising is because it’s been rising. There is a momentum factor, in other words. As investors watched gold climb the leaderboard last year, those gains attracted other investors, which created further upward pressure on prices. Last year, in other words, was the perfect environment for gold. The challenge, of course, is that past performance doesn’t guarantee future results. If some number of these dynamics reverse in 2026, gold’s rally could stall out. Which way will things go? No one knows, but the good news for investors is that you shouldn’t feel compelled to invest in gold. Yes, it’s been going up, but there are many other ways to build a reasonable portfolio. And jumping into an asset after it has already logged significant gains carries significant risk.   Adam M. Grossman is the founder of Mayport, a fixed-fee wealth management firm. Sign up for Adam's Daily Ideas email, follow him on X @AdamMGrossman and check out his earlier articles.  
Read more »

The “Mean Girls”/Junior High Bullies at HumbleDollar

"When I see the trolls at work, I cancel out one of their downvotes."
- Randy Dobkin
Read more »

Warm Heart Cool Head and Cold Cash

"Quan, Did you consider a single premium immediate or deferred annuity? It would guarantee a monthly payment for life, protect the principle from them getting access to it, and remove the responsibility of you or someone else having to manage it and tell them “no, they can’t have it”."
- John & Marty Long
Read more »

Free Newsletter

Get Educated

Manifesto

NO. 30: INVESTING is best when it is simplest. If we own costly, complicated products, we’re filling Wall Street’s coffers—at our own expense. Don’t understand an investment? Don’t buy it.

act

FIGURE OUT YOUR savings or spending rate. If you’re working, aim to save 15% of your pretax income each year toward retirement. Got other goals? That’ll require an even higher savings rate. Meanwhile, each year, retirees should look to withdraw no more than 4% or 5% of their portfolio’s beginning-of-year value, including any dividends and interest they spend.

think

GORDON EQUATION. Named after finance professor Myron Gordon, the Gordon Equation suggests you can estimate an investment’s return by combining two numbers: the income currently paid by the investment and the growth rate of that income. For instance, if the stock market yields 2% and dividends should grow 4% a year, the expected return would be 6%.

Truths

NO. 25: WE HAVE NO control over the direction of financial markets, a fair amount of control over our portfolio’s risk level and annual tax bill, and almost total control over investments costs. The implication: We should stop trying to forecast what's next for the markets, and instead focus our energies on cutting costs, holding down taxes and managing risk.

Homes

Manifesto

NO. 30: INVESTING is best when it is simplest. If we own costly, complicated products, we’re filling Wall Street’s coffers—at our own expense. Don’t understand an investment? Don’t buy it.

Spotlight: Insurance

Seeing the Benefit

SOMETIMES, I’M embarrassed to live in Florida.
Late-night talk show hosts have plenty of fodder for their jokes given the behavior of residents, visitors and our politicians. Fortunately, I don’t know anyone who fits the stereotype of “Florida Man,” but such folks clearly exist, or so these memes suggest.
We also endure hurricanes, scorching summers, soaring homeowner’s insurance rates and all kinds of odd creatures, from the native alligator to invasive species such as the green iguana and the giant African snail.

Read more »

Policy Decisions

HAVE YOU PROTECTED your paycheck? As I discussed in my article last week, becoming disabled is a serious financial risk—and typically the best way to get coverage is through your employer. What if you don’t have long-term disability insurance through work or if coverage isn’t sufficient? An individual long-term disability policy can fill the gap.
Disability insurance is one of the more complicated products to price, because insurers need to assess two dimensions of risk.

Read more »

How Big Is Your Umbrella, Follow-Up

I recently posted a request for comment about the appropriate amount of umbrella insurance one should have. I was hoping to learn of some formula or rule-of-thumb stating that “if your net worth is $X, you should carry $Y of umbrella coverage.” As far as I can tell, there is no such formula or rule.
Many thanks to those who responded.
Mark Eckman wrote that most insurance companies offer a maximum umbrella of $5 million.
Patrick Brennan’s insurance representative regarded $500,000 of liability coverage on his auto policy and a $1 million umbrella as sufficient for his needs.

Read more »

Covering Kids

TERM INSURANCE is typically the best bet for people who need life insurance, while permanent policies are appropriate for relatively few folks. Yet I keep getting the same question from parents: What about children? Does it make sense to purchase a whole-life policy for a young child?
No doubt influenced by Gerber Life Insurance’s relentless marketing, these parents want to know whether it’s worth locking in insurance pricing early on and whether this is a good way to help their children start saving for retirement.

Read more »

A Tale of Excess

On a recent family trip to the UK I learned something new about car rental insurance. During my many years of business travel, we were always told to turn down the collision damage waiver, or CDW, insurance offered by the rental company. Our personal credit card provides rental car insurance, but you must decline the CDW and reserve and pay with that card.
When we picked up our car hire just outside of Oxford we were pleased to see we’d been upgraded to a BMW 500 sedan. 

Read more »

Get a Life

IN MY ROLE AS a financial planner, I hear a lot of stories. By far the most appalling and upsetting relate to life insurance. All too often, insurance salespeople leave clients with policies that are simultaneously overpriced, inadequate and inappropriate.
Are you evaluating a policy? Here’s a quick summary of the most important considerations:
What type of coverage should I have? Life insurance comes in two primary flavors: term and permanent. Term insurance,

Read more »

Spotlight: Kesler

Beyond Saving

I’M CONSERVATIVE, but sometimes even I see the need to change. For instance, I belonged to a high-profile service organization for many years. They’re very proud of their tradition of raising money to give a Webster’s dictionary to each fifth grader in our city. Let’s face it: These days, no self-respecting fifth grader is going to be caught dead with a hardcopy dictionary. Doesn’t everyone know that kids look up everything online? Traditions die hard—even when they no longer make sense. Which brings me to saving for college. Should we continue to automatically fund 529 college savings accounts? I’m trying to decide whether to put money in 529 plans for my three grandchildren. Some parents sacrifice their own retirement savings to make sure their kids’ college education is funded. Others might fail to pay off debt because they feel a duty to stash dollars in a 529. But those good intentions could backfire—in part because money in 529 plans can hurt a family’s financial aid eligibility. If anyone should know the value of a college degree, it’s me. My degree opened the door to a successful banking career. So why am I having doubts about funding 529 accounts for my three grandchildren? It isn’t that we can’t afford it. Unless financial catastrophe strikes, we should be able to help with college costs. Still, I’m wondering whether saving for college should remain a priority—for five reasons. First, I recently had a heart-to-heart with one of my sons. He said that, if I hadn’t helped pay for college, he doesn’t think he would have gone. He’s ended up with a good job in the technology sector, but his conversations with friends have convinced him that a college education wouldn’t have been good value if he’d had to borrow to pay for it. Here’s a stunning statistic that backs up this anecdotal evidence: Nearly half of indebted millennials don't think college was worth it. Why not? The resulting student debt takes years to pay off and hampers their ability to build wealth. Second, there are fantastic job opportunities available from exceptional companies—with no college degree required. For example, Google wants to disrupt higher education with its Google Career Certificates. Imagine spending six months in Google’s program at a total tuition cost of around $300. If successful, you have everything you need to be hired by Google for a good job. Google has convinced 50 other large companies to join the program. I’m sure there will be more to come. [xyz-ihs snippet="Mobile-Subscribe"] Third, instead of college, young adults can take advantage of the growth in real-time learning. Studies indicate we forget some 80% of what we learn over the course of the next 30 days. Meanwhile, many of us have experienced the joy of going to YouTube and learning just what we need to solve a problem. I have a good friend who runs a successful online business. He has a master’s degree in business, but he’s told me that whatever he learned in college is too old to be of any use. He learns what he needs each day in real time. The world changes way too fast for universities to offer anything relevant to him. Fourth, COVID-era learning has revealed the stodginess and inflexibility of the current education system. One blogger, Mr. Money Mustache, shared his decision to allow his son to drop out of high school and instead learn at home. Others have also discovered that bland, repetitive teacher-led instruction can be replaced by extremely high-quality instruction using videos and other online resources. It’s hard to imagine a self-educated student, like Mr. Money Mustache’s son, being satisfied with the traditional four-year curriculum that universities currently offer. Finally, there’s a shortage of workers for high-paying blue-collar jobs. Not everyone is cut out for the corporate world. We still need plumbers and electricians. The popularity of Mike Rowe, host of TV’s Dirty Jobs, is a sign that the old “you’ve got to get a college degree” mantra is starting to erode. I want to be clear: I’m not suggesting everyone quit funding 529 plans. If your children are going to be doctors, a Google certificate won’t cut it and having dollars in a 529 plan is probably an excellent idea. Still, the world of education is changing fast—and perhaps a well-funded college account isn’t the key to getting ahead. Joe Kesler is the author of Smart Money with Purpose and the founder of a website with the same name, which is where a version of this article first appeared. He spent 40 years in community banking, assisting small businesses and consumers. Joe served as chief executive of banks in Illinois and Montana. He currently lives with his wife in Missoula, Montana, spending his time writing on personal finance, serving on two bank boards and hiking in the Rocky Mountains. Check out Joe's previous articles. [xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]
Read more »

Lending a Hand

IF I'M HONEST WITH myself, I’ve been financially comfortable for so long that I’ve lost the ability to truly relate to those living paycheck to paycheck. But over a lifetime of working with people and their money, I’ve learned to be aware of signs that someone may be on the brink of breakdown—and could use some help. I was only 22 years old when I had my first shocking experience with the power of money to cause a life to self-destruct. I was working as one of the federal government’s national bank examiners. A teller’s cash drawer was missing money and she was sent home. Around lunchtime, the bank president realized his truck was also missing. The teller had stolen his truck, and then driven for several hours before stopping and attempting to end her life. Fortunately, she wasn’t successful. But the experience made a big impression on me. Money is a double-edged sword with the power both to help fulfill our aspirations and to destroy. How can we help those who are struggling? Try these three steps. 1. Strive to be a “financial first responder.” That’s the label I give to those willing to help others in financial difficulty. We know that depression can occur in those suffering from too much consumer debt. If not addressed, serious consequences often result. In such situations, there are time-tested methods to give people hope. It doesn’t take an MBA to help those who have too much credit card debt. Just like we learn first aid to assist with a medical need when a doctor isn’t around, anyone can learn some basics to help financially stressed people who can’t afford professional help. I’ve trained others with materials from organizations like Crown Financial Ministries. The goal is to lay out a series of small, manageable steps that can be used to gain financial peace of mind. The first step might be to find a way to save $500. It’s something almost everybody can accomplish, and it gives them the confidence to move on to the next step of reducing debt. Crown’s money map is a brilliant formulation of baby steps to give those in deep debt hope that there’s a way out. 2. Redefine failure as a virtue. One of the reasons our economy has been a success is our acceptance of failure. For much of human history, debtors who couldn’t pay their loans went to prison. But in America, we made bankruptcy relatively easy so folks could discharge their debts and start over. You might think, as a banker, I’d prefer the harsh debtors’ prison method. But there’s real value to society, as well as to the individual, in making bankruptcy less severe. If bankrupt entrepreneurs are excessively punished for failure, they may give up on high-risk but potentially high-return opportunities. Think Henry Ford, who had two companies go bankrupt before he succeeded. Or Walt Disney, who was fired by an editor because he had no imagination. Or Mark Cuban, who failed as a waiter, carpenter and cook before finding success. [xyz-ihs snippet="Mobile-Subscribe"] High-tech firms like Amazon believe if they aren’t trying and failing with new ideas, they aren’t maximizing long-term value for shareholders. The list of failed Amazon ventures is remarkable. Amazon Fire smartphone lost $170 million before being shuttered. Kozmo.com was a $60 million dollar write-off. There are many more. Amazon founder Jeff Bezos has a high view of failure’s value: “I believe we are the best place in the world to fail (we have plenty of practice!), and failure and invention are inseparable twins." We need to remind ourselves and others that there shouldn’t be shame in failure, but there might be regret in being too fearful to try new initiatives. 3. Remember the limits of money and the value of life. I became a bank chief executive in my mid-30s. I was driven to achieve great numbers. When something or someone got in the way of that objective, I could lose perspective. Fortunately, I worked with a bank attorney named George who had flown multiple missions over Germany during the Second World War. He had the perspective to distinguish between what was really important and what was a temporary problem. One day, my bank discovered a customer had sold “encumbered” assets without first paying off the bank loan that was secured by those assets. Even worse, he lied to the bank, saying he still had the collateral. George and I met with the customer and his lawyer. As the start of the meeting, the customer began talking. He was completely broken. In tears, he shamefully admitted his deception. He was looking at financial ruin and possible criminal charges. But I was mad and less than sympathetic. Fortunately, George took over the meeting. Rather than beat the guy up, George sensed the man was suicidal. George comforted him with assurances that he could get through this situation. I remember George telling him, “You know, in a few years, no one will even remember this happened. We have to get through this, but you will have a life once it’s over.” I’ve heard a lot of sermons where a preacher taught the Christian virtue of loving those who have wronged us. But that day, George taught me that lesson more effectively than any preacher could. With George’s encouragement, the customer got through his problems and went on to lead a productive life. In the years that followed, I had to deal with many problems created by bad money decisions by my employees and customers. But I never forgot that lesson I learned from George. Thanks to him, I found I was able to show a little more humanity in dealing with financial problems. Joe Kesler is the author of Smart Money with Purpose and the founder of a website with the same name, which is where a version of this article first appeared. He spent 40 years in community banking, assisting small businesses and consumers. Joe served as chief executive of banks in Illinois and Montana. He currently lives with his wife in Missoula, Montana, spending his time writing on personal finance, serving on two bank boards and hiking in the Rocky Mountains. Check out Joe's previous articles. [xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]
Read more »

True Wealth

YOU NO DOUBT remember Peter Lynch, the celebrated manager of Fidelity Magellan Fund. He quit Magellan’s helm when he was just 46 years old. His comment at the time: “You remind yourself that nobody on his deathbed ever said, ‘I wish I'd spent more time at the office’.” Nothing brings more clarity to money’s limitations than consideration of our mortality. A few weeks ago, I thought about this truth as I lay awake all night, waiting to hear from my son. He and his wife had checked into a hospital to give birth to their first child. The plan was that we would receive regular text updates, regardless of the time. But the hours passed and no updates arrived. My wife and I had an ominous feeling that something was wrong. As we agonized and prayed, we struggled to contain our fears, imagining all the things that could be going wrong. Why hadn’t our son kept us updated? Were mother and baby okay? Finally, a call came at 3:30 a.m. Our fears were not unfounded. It was a traumatic birth—the baby initially had trouble breathing. But I’m happy to report that, thanks to incredibly talented medical personnel, our new grandson and daughter-in-law are doing fine. For me, the difficult birth has triggered a time of introspection. Has my life been too focused on the accumulation of things that won’t last—or have I have been building true wealth? The word “wealth” comes from an old English word. Its meaning is closely related to happiness and to the wholeness that comes from a well-balanced life. As we each examine our life, what traits should we look for if our goal is true wealth, rather than just lots of money in the bank? Here are eight things I view as valid metrics for measuring true wealth: Family and friends. According to research, a robust support network is almost always a leading indicator of happiness. That network is even more important amid today’s COVID-19 isolation. Community. The richness that comes from connecting with others through churches, civic groups and other forms of community engagement are at the core of civility. It’s what made my years as a community banker so rewarding. Education and experience. If we suddenly took all the money in the world and gave everyone an equal share, there would be inequality again by the next day—because of our differing abilities to adapt and respond to the situations we find ourselves in. That, in turn, partly reflects the wealth we’ve accumulated in the form of education and experience. Contentment. Growing up, I was surrounded by many lower middle-class families—and yet I rarely saw the envy and angst that destroy happiness. Instead, I saw that in the workplace, with its constant jousting over salaries and bonuses. Health. If we lose our health, we can’t work, play or travel as much as we might desire. To compound that aggravation, we must budget more for medical expenses. Good health is a key part of true wealth, and it’s worth investing in through a healthy diet and regular exercise. Spiritual peace. My daughter taught me a little about this when I visited her in South Africa. She was spending a gap year helping at an orphanage. Coming from an affluent American family, she assumed the people she’d be working with would be poor and unhappy. But as she explained to me, they were poor but happy. She saw the connection between their deep spiritual faith and their joy in life. A generous spirit. It’s a wonderful feeling to give generously to others. Studies show that many people derive great happiness from giving to those less fortunate. As a banker, I met many wealthy people who couldn’t enjoy this sign of true wealth—because they had for too long failed to give. Virtue. When we acquire our wealth by stepping on others or cheating, there’s ultimately a loss of joy in our riches. The Book of Proverbs says it well: “Ill-gotten treasures have no lasting value.” I looked at a lot of tax returns as a banker, trying to qualify customers for loans. When they didn’t qualify, many would admit that they didn’t report all their income and instead were often paid under the table. John Wooden, the great basketball coach for the University of California at Los Angeles, said it well: “The true test of a man’s character is what he does when no one is watching.” I’m not against success and riches. But we should all ask ourselves, “How am I using my riches to bring true wealth into my life and the lives of others?” It is, I believe, a crucial question—and it took a family crisis to jolt me into giving it the serious thought it deserves. Joe Kesler is the author of Smart Money with Purpose and the founder of a website with the same name, which is where a version of this article first appeared. He spent 40 years in community banking, assisting small businesses and consumers. Joe served as chief executive of banks in Illinois and Montana. He currently lives with his wife in Missoula, Montana, spending his time writing on personal finance, serving on two bank boards and hiking in the Rocky Mountains. Joe's previous article was Life as a Loan Shark. [xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]
Read more »

The Case for Kids

I RECENTLY HIT THE “pay now” button on what I believe will be the last of 20 years of college tuition bills. That’s right, we have five kids. All went to college. None took out student loans. Was it worth it—not just paying the tuition bills, but the decision to have children in the first place? It’s a pressing question. A birth dearth is hitting the U.S. and other countries around the world, as many adults opt to go childless. Today, roughly half of all countries have fertility rates that are so low that the population is either stagnant or shrinking. That brings me to today’s topic: the case for children. It’s a complex subject. I don’t want to suggest I know how others ought to decide. Everybody’s situation is unique and shouldn’t be judged by anyone else—and certainly not by me. Still, I think those of us with good stories about raising kids should share our experiences. We can balance out today’s narrative that children are more trouble than they’re worth. I remember the subtle pressure in the 1980s and ‘90s from others, as our family kept growing. Folks expressed concerns about having so many children. I suppose that, if you treasure a quiet and peaceful life above all else, having kids may not be a good idea. Children are messy and bring chaos. I remember answering the door, only to come face to face with our upset neighbor. He was a prominent doctor in the community and complained about my kids shooting at the deer in the backyard from our second story bedroom windows. “Thank you, Dr. Smith, for letting me know. I’ll take care of it.”  Ugh. But probably the greatest reason the U.S. no longer has a fertility rate necessary to maintain a stable population is related to financial concerns. The U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates the cost of raising a child through age 17 is more than $230,000. That number sounds ridiculously high to me. Still, whatever the right number is, the cost is daunting when you’re just getting started. [xyz-ihs snippet="Mobile-Subscribe"] I went back and looked at our financial records and found that, when our first child was born, we had a paltry net worth of $12,000. On top of that, my salary was modest. Why did my wife and I believe we could support a family? I’m a conservative banker and my tribe doesn’t believe “faith” is a business plan. So why did we do it? There were five reasons—some of which were clear to us at the time and some of which only became clear later. First, rather than just complain about our culture, we thought our best opportunity to change the world was by having children. Today, by God’s grace, we have two entrepreneurs, one banker, one IT guy and a social worker. In addition, thanks to marriage, we now have two health care workers and an oil man in the family. The world is better as a result of their service to others. We now know we changed the world for the better. I’m a finance guy, so I can’t help but estimate the financial return on investment. All five kids have good jobs. What if I assume they average $100,000 a year in earnings over a 40-year career? What kind of impact could that have? Assuming they give away 10% of their income, as we taught them, they’ll have contributed $2 million to charities over their careers. Social Security and Medicare contributions at current rates would be $3 million. State, local and federal taxes come in at an estimated $4 million. I’d call that a decent return on investment. Second, having children matures us. If I’d never advanced in my career, we would have struggled to raise five children. But the financial challenge of having kids meant I approached my career with a new fervor. As we awaited the birth of our first son, I studied hard for the CPA exam. Next was an MBA program, which I completed while working. That led to some nice raises and promotions. Third, by necessity, having children squeezed a lot of ugly selfishness out of me. I’m a selfish person by nature. But selfless service to family prepared me for selfless service at work and to charitable organizations. Fourth, researchers say children don’t necessarily make people happier at first. But ultimately, the satisfaction of a purposeful life devoted to family trumps any temporary happiness we give up. Finally, as we age, it can become harder to find true purpose, joy and passion. But having three grandchildren sure helps. Joe Kesler is the author of Smart Money with Purpose and the founder of a website with the same name, which is where a version of this article first appeared. He spent 40 years in community banking, assisting small businesses and consumers. Joe served as chief executive of banks in Illinois and Montana. He currently lives with his wife in Missoula, Montana, spending his time writing on personal finance, serving on two bank boards and hiking in the Rocky Mountains. Check out Joe's previous articles. [xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]
Read more »

Go Away

ONCE IT LOOKED SAFE to travel again, I didn’t waste any time. I jumped on a plane and spent three weeks in the Carolinas. It was a great vacation. Staying in an Airbnb on Hilton Head Island gave me a much-needed chance to recharge while enjoying the beach. Renting a place on Lake Norman, the largest man-made lake in North Carolina, gave me quality time with two of my grandchildren. It was like breathing freedom again after the long COVID-19 lockdown. That said, the trip wasn’t cheap. Is it wise to spend so much on travel? Imagine 70-year-old twins, Samuel and Joseph, sharing a cup of coffee and talking about their different life journeys. Samuel traveled the world. When he wasn’t working for the Peace Corps, he was vacationing in a new country. Meanwhile, Joseph rarely left the county where he was born, instead focusing on building his business. Samuel doesn’t have much of a net worth, but he believes he’s lived a rich life. He can entertain others for hours with his travel stories, although he isn’t sure if his money will last into old age. Finances aside, he pities his twin for leading a sheltered life. What about Joseph? He’s a prominent member of his community and is worth several million dollars. He is proud of the mark he’s made locally and enjoys his financial security. He wouldn’t change a thing about his life because of the legacy he’s built. He can’t understand how Samuel could end up at 70 years old without financial security. Who lived “the good life?” I’ve known a lot of Josephs, who are rich financially but impoverished by their narrow understanding of the world. And I’ve known some Samuels, who have great stories to tell but worry about their lack of financial preparation for old age. The middle road is the path many of us take. We budget as generously as possible for travel but also insist on saving 10% to 15% of our income for retirement. That seems like a good compromise. But what happens in years when money is tight? I was always wired to save, so travel was an easy budget item to cut. I was more of a Joseph than a Samuel. But that changed after reading Mark Twain. Here’s one of his insights: “Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness, and many of our people need it sorely on these accounts. Broad, wholesome, charitable views of men and things cannot be acquired by vegetating in one little corner of the earth all one's lifetime.” A trip I took to South Africa opened my eyes to what Twain meant. I saw firsthand what life was like in an orphanage full of kids whose parents had died of AIDS. It gave me new compassion. Similarly, moving to Montana at age 50 opened me up to a whole new way of thinking about conservation of our resources. You just won’t get that perspective in the cornfields of Illinois. Even spending six months in an active retirement community in Tucson, Arizona, provided keen insight into the needs of older folks. Twain was right. Travel changes us. [xyz-ihs snippet="Mobile-Subscribe"] Travel can also create gratitude. How many times have you heard others say they enjoyed their international travels, but it made them appreciate living in America, with our freedom and prosperity? If I want to be thankful for my life in Montana, all I need to do is leave for several weeks. While I loved my recent East Coast experience, I hated driving down I-95, navigating the crazy traffic and road rage drivers. Give me Montana—where we have more cows than people. But while I have come to appreciate the benefits of travel, I also know failing to plan for retirement can end in misery. How do we balance those goals? Here are three suggestions for travel in different seasons of life. First, remember that the young are different from you and me: They can travel on a shoestring. My daughter educated me on "couch surfing." Basically, you download an app and have access to free housing. The father in me says, “That’s dangerous.” But so was hitchhiking when I was her age. A safer alternative: Help our kids travel for a gap year before or after college. I didn’t figure this one out until my last child was that age. But it was probably the best year of her life, in part because she got to experience the developing world. I’ve come to believe it’s a great idea to travel before we get tied down by work and family responsibilities. Second, if our career is in full swing, we shouldn’t just use our paid time-off for travel. Also consider getting a job that’ll take you to different parts of the country or the world. Military service has provided this alternative for years. Some civilian jobs also offer this perk. If a job with travel isn’t available and you’re budget constrained, look into going abroad with a religious or nonprofit mission. These trips are often considered charitable work and folks pay for them by raising money. The trips can be short term and fit in with paid time-off. In many cases, they’re more rewarding than staying at a five-star resort. Third, as we enter the golden age of retirement, take advantage of the opportunity to travel before health issues prevent it. As we age, there’s a risk we’ll get set in our ways. Travel can be a great antidote—helping us to keep an open mind to new ideas and the way that others live. Joe Kesler is the author of Smart Money with Purpose and the founder of a website with the same name, which is where a version of this article first appeared. He spent 40 years in community banking, assisting small businesses and consumers. Joe served as chief executive of banks in Illinois and Montana. He currently lives with his wife in Missoula, Montana, spending his time writing on personal finance, serving on two bank boards and hiking in the Rocky Mountains. Check out Joe's previous articles. [xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]
Read more »

The Good Steward

I GOT STUCK IN a conversation at a dinner party recently with a name dropper. It was painful. Wanting to impress me, I suppose, I learned that, “Yes, Janet Yellen and I are good friends. I’ll be traveling to D.C. soon and I’m looking forward to connecting.” But it didn’t end there. I also heard about this person’s exotic travels and homes around the world. And the fabulous career that supported this lavish lifestyle. And the incredibly insightful views this person had on politics and other issues. If I’d had the chance, I could have offered that I once met Janet Yellen at the buffet table during a lunch break at a Federal Reserve conference. I said “hello” to her and she said “hello” back. Janet and I are close, too. I recount this experience not because I think narcissists can’t grow wealthy. They can and do. Still, I think we should look to the old-fashioned virtues of humility and stewardship to guide our thinking about money. King Solomon’s Proverbs tells us, “The outcome of humility and of the fear of the Lord is wealth, honor, and life.” How does this ancient wisdom speak to us in the 21st century? Consider four ways. First, humility in investing leads us to avoid big investment bets. If the market professionals can’t beat the averages, humble investors will lean toward spreading their money broadly, owning a globally diversified mix of stocks and bonds. Second, humble investors won’t assume high future investment returns, instead compensating by saving as much as they reasonably can. [xyz-ihs snippet="Mobile-Subscribe"] Third, humble investors won’t assume that a long life is guaranteed. To protect those who depend on us, we make sure they’ll be okay if something happens to us. This includes not only life and disability insurance, but also a well-designed estate plan. A fourth lesson comes from the book The Millionaire Next Door: We can’t necessarily spot those around us who have grown wealthy. Why not? Unlike my dinner party friend, the humble wealthy don’t need to impress anyone with a show of wealth. They typically don’t want recognition for donations. That same humility may lead them to drive older cars and wear less expensive clothes, which leads to increased savings. A virtuous cycle exists in the lifestyle of the humble. But, in my opinion, humility alone isn’t enough to have a successful relationship with money. After writing a book on money a few years ago, I did a number of radio interviews. In one interview on a Christian radio station, I was asked how I could encourage Christians to save money when Jesus taught that we shouldn’t lay up treasures on earth but instead store them in heaven. It’s a great question—and I think there’s only one answer for those of us in the Christian tradition. We don’t actually own anything in this life. Rather, we are stewards of what we’ve been given and must manage our wealth accordingly. That has three implications for how we handle our money—implications that I think are useful to everybody, no matter what their religious beliefs. First, as a steward, we need to consider the most effective way we can use our wealth to help others. The radio interviewer may have thought the best way to do that is to give all but essential money to churches and nonprofits. The evidence, however, suggests otherwise. The World Bank estimates that more than a billion people have been lifted out of extreme poverty in the last 25 years. A realistic goal set by some: Erase almost all abject poverty in the world by 2030. This incredible progress in eliminating poverty is partly the result of charitable efforts, but it’s also because more people have access to capital, thanks to free markets. To be clear, it’s good to give money to charitable ventures. But in the stewardship model of managing wealth, investing in businesses that employ people—and which provide life-enhancing goods and services—is also a virtuous choice. Since businesses are lifting more people out of poverty that any other efforts, it makes sense to have our money invested there. Second, a humble person may not be inclined to negotiate a hard bargain for goods and services for him or herself. A good steward, however, will negotiate furiously to get the best deal. Sometimes, I talk to Christians who think it’s virtuous to avoid aggressively pursuing their career. I advise them to change their thinking. Diligent stewards will see maximizing their salary for their God-given abilities as a part of good stewardship, and then they’ll use the resulting wealth to improve the world around them. Third, the good steward sees all of life as an opportunity to be wise with the resources he or she has been given. Children are to be educated for future productivity. Money is to be grown in investments that serve others. Time is to be used productively, balancing opportunities to work with the need for rest. Supporting the nonprofit sector—both financially and by volunteering—remains an important part of good stewardship. What happens when humility and stewardship are not central to managing our wealth? Instead of seeing money as a tool to support a purposeful life, it becomes the thing that we imagine gives our life meaning. But that likely won’t satisfy us for long. Joe Kesler is the author of Smart Money with Purpose and the founder of a website with the same name, which is where a version of this article first appeared. He spent 40 years in community banking, assisting small businesses and consumers. Joe served as chief executive of banks in Illinois and Montana. He currently lives with his wife in Missoula, Montana, spending his time writing on personal finance, serving on two bank boards and hiking in the Rocky Mountains. Check out Joe's previous articles. [xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]
Read more »