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Smoke, Sparks and Retirement Spending.

"Extravagance—that’s something my forebrain tells me to work on; unfortunately, my instincts recoil at the very thought. I’m slightly envious you can manage it so readily; it’s an uphill struggle for me. Although, I thoroughly enjoyed being in a very high-end boutique shop on Wednesday, with three sales assistants attending to my wife while they sorted out a mother-of-the-bride outfit. I’m normally poking through the sales rails at my local discount store."
- Mark Crothers
Read more »

Forget the 4% rule.

"It anecdotally looks like many people (especially those who access sites like Humble Dollar and Bogleheads) may be underspending defensively due to an unknown future. Especially those who have been fortunate enough to fall under these positive situations: 
  • Persistent savers throughout their lives
  • Have built up a retirement fund
  • Have a good social security
  • Maybe have a pension
  • Invested during these recent good financial markets 
Although using a Safe Withdrawal Rate (SWR) is a highly touted "rule of thumb" it has its issues The most common SWR is the 4% Rule. It suggests you take 4% of your initial portfolio balance in Year 1, then adjust that fixed dollar amount for inflation every year thereafter, regardless of what the stock market does. The Flaw: It is "blind" to current conditions. If the market crashes (a "sequence of returns" risk), you keep withdrawing the same inflation-adjusted amount, which can rapidly deplete a shrinking portfolio. The Result: To avoid going broke in a worst-case scenario, the 4% rule is intentionally too conservative for most people. This often leads to "over-saving" or dying with a massive surplus you could have enjoyed while younger. Because of the above, in addition to other financial tools I use (including Boldin which I really like), I have recently been exploring the use of a tool called "TPAW Planner" (Total Portfolio Allocation and Withdrawal) . It is highly customizable to unique individual financial situations, risk tolerance, and legacy goals, and dynamically adjusts based on market conditions. If you haven't taken a look at this, I'd recommend taking it for a spin as it may help you better evaluate how much you can spend without fear of the unknown (something I have a lot of)."
- Doug C
Read more »

Once Burned, Twice Shy

"Mark, Per AI, “only about 10% to 15% of active managers successfully beat their index, a trend that holds consistent over long-term, 10-to-15-year periods.” The odds are dramatically poor that ANYONE would pick a winning active manager. LONG LIVE INDEX FUNDS!"
- David Lancaster
Read more »

Volatility is your Best Friend

"Greg. I really think people get confused because they simply can't wrap their head around the difference between risk and volatility. Years ago I read something like this about the difference. Volatility is like a stormy sea, it’s a rough ride, but the ship is fine. Risk is a hole in the hull, the ship is actually going down."
- Mark Crothers
Read more »

When Your Pastime Takes Ownership

"Dan. If you've read any of my articles, you've probably figured out that I'm seriously into racket sports — tennis, badminton, pickleball, table tennis, padel… if it involves a racket, I'm in. It takes up a fair chunk of my time and a bit of money, but I never let it run the show. Case in point: I normally play tennis on Wednesday mornings, but this week I skipped it to take Suzie dress shopping in Belfast, she's looking for her mother of the bride outfit. And today, despite being a regular pickleball day, the weather was too good to waste, so I ditched the court for the garden and spent the morning and afternoon with my chainsaw and loppers instead. No regrets. That's kind of my philosophy — being passionate about something is great, brilliant even, but only when it sits comfortably alongside the rest of your life."
- Mark Crothers
Read more »

How did you avoid being in the 39%?

"In my late 20s I went through the tech bear market. Watching a portfolio collapse early in one’s career is psychologically scarring. At that point I didn’t have much financial capital left—only my future earning power and a mortgage to overshadow it. That experience forced me to educate myself about inflation, risk, and compounding. By the time the Global Financial Crisis arrived, the lesson had already been internalized. I still remember the nausea of watching markets fall, but I did nothing. In hindsight, that restraint made all the difference and it was an important lesson in the psychology of investing. Investing discipline is far harder than the influencers and financial press make it sound. For younger people who ask me about markets, I suggest holding as much as 50% in bonds until they have lived through their first real bear market. Experiencing volatility firsthand is often the only way to understand one’s true risk tolerance. I still have very mixed feelings about the 401(k) plan versus pensions since I am skeptical a vast majority of Americans have the time and interest in this. The next bear market will be another teachable moment for all of us."
- Mark Gardner
Read more »

New to building a CD or Bond Ladder?

"Agree as far as TIPS go, but nominal bonds might still have a place in our taxable, again assuming no room in Traditional IRA or 401(k)."
- Michael1
Read more »

It’s Never Too Late

"Sometimes working backwards helps. Decide where you want to be in ten years (or twenty years or another time, if you prefer.) Set a quantitative financial goal for that target year. Then build a chart year by year that tells you where you need to get to in each of the years before that target year to make that final goal. That chart should help you see how much you need to put away each year or how much your existing portfolio needs to grow each year in order to make it to the next year, and ultimately to the final goal. This is a realistic way to plan for the future, and will keep you from setting unrealistic goals that are simply unattainable, goals that won't get you where you want to go, or goals that you won't really commit to."
- Martin McCue
Read more »

Managing Investment Risk

BEFORE ITS FAILURE in 2008, Lehman Brothers had been one of the most prominent investment firms in the United States. After 158 years in business, what caused it to collapse so suddenly? In a word: complexity. Lehman had been involved in the securitization of mortgages, a process that resulted in taking something relatively simple—a home mortgage—and turning it into something much more complicated, thus obscuring its true risk level. That was the proximate cause for the firm’s failure. In addition to mortgage bonds, Lehman specialized in creating other complex instruments. A document titled “The Lehman Brothers Guide to Exotic Credit Derivatives” can still be found on the internet. The strategies it describes are the sorts of things that ultimately brought the firm down. When it comes to making investment choices, risk is unavoidable. No one can know what path the economy, the market or any given investment will follow. But that doesn’t mean investment risk is entirely outside our control. There are, in my view, certain characteristics we can look for in investments that can help tilt the odds in our favor. Here are four to consider. Simplicity. Peter Lynch, former manager of the Fidelity Magellan Fund, had this warning for investors: “Never invest in any idea you can’t illustrate with a crayon.” Lynch felt that simplicity was paramount because investing is hard enough. As Kodak, Polaroid and BlackBerry taught us, things can go wrong even for well-run companies. But when an investment is complicated, it’s that much harder to assess how things might go. Consider, for example, an exchange-traded fund called the Box ETF (ticker: BOXX). It’s designed to deliver performance comparable to U.S. Treasury bills but in a more tax-efficient manner. For that reason, it’s quite popular, and I’m asked about it frequently. Despite the clear tax advantage, though, I advise against it. That’s because of its complex structure, which involves a strategy known as a box spread. This is how it’s described on the BOXX website: “A box spread is an options trading strategy that combines a long call and short put at one strike price with a short call and long put at a different strike price.”  Another question about BOXX is whether the IRS might challenge the tax strategies it’s employing. BOXX could work out just fine, but in my view, the complexity and IRS risk just aren’t necessary. And even though it’s worked well so far, the hardest part about complex instruments is that we can’t know in advance how they’ll perform through various market cycles. Times of stress could cause an otherwise successful strategy to fail. That was the lesson of Lehman Brothers. Management style. For decades, there’s been a debate between advocates of active and passive investing. That debate is an important one, but it isn’t the only one. Within the world of actively-managed funds, there are also important distinctions. Funds like the Magellan Fund, for example, are straightforward. The manager’s aim is to choose a group of stocks that he thinks will outperform. That’s one type of actively-managed fund and is the most common one, but there are many others. Some funds take a tactical approach, trading in and out of different asset classes in response to the managers’ sense of where markets are headed. Morningstar analyst Jeffrey Ptak analyzed these funds a few years back and concluded that they “would have earned twice as much if their managers didn’t trade over the past decade.” The funds’ managers, in other words, only subtracted value. The lesson: The investment world is much more nuanced than the simple distinction between active and passive, and the passive realm isn’t immune to potholes either. So be sure to look carefully under the hood of any fund you’re considering. Tax-efficiency. Mutual funds and exchange-traded funds offer a number of advantages, but they can also carry risk in the form of higher tax bills because funds are required to distribute the bulk of their gains to shareholders on a pro rata basis. Careful due diligence is required on this point because there’s a misconception that a fund’s turnover ratio—which measures the amount of trading inside a fund—is the best proxy for tax efficiency. Turnover can be an imprecise measure, though. Consider a fund like the PIMCO Total Return Fund (ticker: PTTRX). It has thousands of holdings—everything from bonds to currencies to interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, reverse repurchase agreements, and more. As a result of this diverse mix, it has an extremely high turnover rate, north of 600%. With so much trading, you might expect this fund to be massively tax-inefficient. But surprisingly, it isn’t. It hasn’t generated any capital gains distributions at all in the past four years.  In contrast, a fund like Magellan might appear to be more tax-efficient, with a much lower turnover ratio of 49%. But Magellan has generated significant capital gains for its investors in each of the past several years. The lesson: When assessing a fund’s tax efficiency, be sure to study its distribution history. That’s the metric that’s most meaningful. Concentration. With the rise of the so-called Magnificent Seven stocks, there’s been increasing hand-wringing over the concentration level of the S&P 500. The top 10 stocks today account for nearly 40% of the entire index. On the one hand, this is unprecedented and potentially cause for concern. But as The Wall Street Journal’s Jason Zweig pointed out recently, there’s more than one way to look at market concentration. At one point, for example, AT&T accounted for nearly 13% of the entire market. Today, the market’s largest stock, Nvidia, poses a risk but nonetheless has a more modest weighting of less than 7%. The bottom line: Concentration may or may not turn out to be a problem in the coming years. But since we don’t have the benefit of hindsight, this is another area where you could be defensive with your portfolio. If concentration is a potential risk, it’s one that’s easy to avoid. To diversify away from the S&P 500, you could allocate to value stocks, to small- and mid-cap stocks and to international stocks.  Other factors. How else can you play defense with your portfolio? In evaluating prospective funds, I’d also consider the length of its track record, the firm behind it, and, as discussed last week, the fund’s withdrawal policies. Investment risk may be unavoidable. But that doesn’t mean it can’t be managed.   Adam M. Grossman is the founder of Mayport, a fixed-fee wealth management firm. Sign up for Adam's Daily Ideas email, follow him on X @AdamMGrossman and check out his earlier articles.
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HSA Tips

HEALTH SAVINGS ACCOUNT (HSA) is the most efficient tax-advantaged investment account because it offers a triple tax advantage:
  1. Contributions are tax-deductible
  2. Earnings grow tax-free
  3. Withdrawals are tax-free if used for medical expenses
One of the best uses of an HSA is to actually invest the balance. For example, I keep $500 (the minimum required balance) in cash. The rest, I invest in low-cost index funds. This allows me to maximize compounding inside the HSA account. I also receive a $1,000 HSA match. Since I’m young and my medical expenses are low, it’s a great way to minimize taxes and grow the balance. I will also not touch my HSA at all, even if I have medical expenses. I will reimburse myself 20-30 years down the road (more on this in a bit). But if you are paying medical expenses with the HSA, you should have at least a portion of the funds in a Treasury fund or money market fund (MMF) for stability. Generally, this amount should be equal to at least one year of deductible costs. Rules To contribute to an HSA, three things must happen:
  1. You need a high deductible health plan (HDHP). You cannot contribute to an HSA without one. A “high deductible health plan” is defined under §223(c)(2)(A) as a health plan with an annual deductible of more than $1,700 for self-only coverage or $3,400 for family coverage. The maximum out-of-pocket limit is $8,500 or $17,000 (family).
Importantly, before enrolling in a high deductible plan, you need to decide whether it’s worth it in the first place. You will generally receive the biggest benefit from an HDHP if you are in good health (more on this in a bit). 2. You aren’t enrolled in Medicare. 3. You cannot be claimed as a dependent. Importantly, the HSA balance never expires. This account is always yours to keep, even if you leave your employer. Some people confuse an HSA with an FSA (which does expire, aside from a small potential rollover option). The account typically works like a “bank account,” where you make deposits and can withdraw money via online transfers or checks, or invest it like a brokerage account. Contributions The 2026 contribution limit is $4,400 for an individual plan and $8,750 for a family plan, with an additional $1,000 catch-up contribution if you are 55 or older. The contribution limit includes both your contributions and your employer’s contributions. If your employer allows it, contributing to an HSA via payroll deduction is generally better than contributing directly, as it avoids the 7.65% FICA (Social Security and Medicare) taxes. Direct, after-tax contributions only save on income tax when filing, missing the payroll tax savings. Withdrawals Withdrawals for medical expenses are tax-free. IRS Publication 502 has information about which expenses qualify as medical expenses. In addition, as long as you keep proper records, you can reimburse yourself in a later year. I keep track of all my medical expenses in a spreadsheet (e.g., with columns for EOB documents, receipts, bills, etc). I plan to reimburse myself in the future, assuming the law doesn’t change. In 2025, House Bill 6183 was proposed to change the reimbursement limit to expenses no older than two years, but it didn’t gain any traction. If there is a change in legislation, I plan to reimburse myself for all prior medical expenses before enactment. Once you turn 65, you can withdraw money from your HSA for any reason without penalty. However, you will owe income taxes on any non-medical withdrawals, effectively making this similar to a Traditional 401(k) or IRA. Inheriting an HSA Per Publication 969, if your spouse is the designated beneficiary of your HSA, it will be treated as your spouse’s HSA after your death. If your spouse isn’t the designated beneficiary (e.g. your child is the beneficiary), the account stops being an HSA and the fair market value of the HSA becomes taxable to the beneficiary in the year in which you pass away. This is why tax free HSA dollars should ideally be spent before passing down an inheritance due to tax inefficiency. On the other hand, naming a beneficiary in a low-income tax bracket to receive the deceased person’s HSA can also be beneficial for tax purposes. HSA can be powerful, but make sure the math makes sense. If you spend thousands of dollars on medical bills, having a standard plan could outweigh all the tax savings you can get.   Bogdan Sheremeta is a licensed CPA based in Illinois with experience at Deloitte and a Fortune 200 multinational.
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The $9.95 scam…

"It may not be everyone’s answer, but here’s mine. On insurance my usual approach is to pay to insure against only those problems that it would really hurt financially to address using my own resources. (I think this was Jonathan’s philosophy on insurance as well.) For example, I wouldn’t buy insurance to cover a $10k funeral, and we carry no collision insurance on our 2008 vehicle. But, if I owned a home, I’d definitely carry flood insurance, and if I were a doctor, I’d definitely carry malpractice insurance."
- Michael1
Read more »

Smoke, Sparks and Retirement Spending.

"Extravagance—that’s something my forebrain tells me to work on; unfortunately, my instincts recoil at the very thought. I’m slightly envious you can manage it so readily; it’s an uphill struggle for me. Although, I thoroughly enjoyed being in a very high-end boutique shop on Wednesday, with three sales assistants attending to my wife while they sorted out a mother-of-the-bride outfit. I’m normally poking through the sales rails at my local discount store."
- Mark Crothers
Read more »

Forget the 4% rule.

"It anecdotally looks like many people (especially those who access sites like Humble Dollar and Bogleheads) may be underspending defensively due to an unknown future. Especially those who have been fortunate enough to fall under these positive situations: 
  • Persistent savers throughout their lives
  • Have built up a retirement fund
  • Have a good social security
  • Maybe have a pension
  • Invested during these recent good financial markets 
Although using a Safe Withdrawal Rate (SWR) is a highly touted "rule of thumb" it has its issues The most common SWR is the 4% Rule. It suggests you take 4% of your initial portfolio balance in Year 1, then adjust that fixed dollar amount for inflation every year thereafter, regardless of what the stock market does. The Flaw: It is "blind" to current conditions. If the market crashes (a "sequence of returns" risk), you keep withdrawing the same inflation-adjusted amount, which can rapidly deplete a shrinking portfolio. The Result: To avoid going broke in a worst-case scenario, the 4% rule is intentionally too conservative for most people. This often leads to "over-saving" or dying with a massive surplus you could have enjoyed while younger. Because of the above, in addition to other financial tools I use (including Boldin which I really like), I have recently been exploring the use of a tool called "TPAW Planner" (Total Portfolio Allocation and Withdrawal) . It is highly customizable to unique individual financial situations, risk tolerance, and legacy goals, and dynamically adjusts based on market conditions. If you haven't taken a look at this, I'd recommend taking it for a spin as it may help you better evaluate how much you can spend without fear of the unknown (something I have a lot of)."
- Doug C
Read more »

Once Burned, Twice Shy

"Mark, Per AI, “only about 10% to 15% of active managers successfully beat their index, a trend that holds consistent over long-term, 10-to-15-year periods.” The odds are dramatically poor that ANYONE would pick a winning active manager. LONG LIVE INDEX FUNDS!"
- David Lancaster
Read more »

Volatility is your Best Friend

"Greg. I really think people get confused because they simply can't wrap their head around the difference between risk and volatility. Years ago I read something like this about the difference. Volatility is like a stormy sea, it’s a rough ride, but the ship is fine. Risk is a hole in the hull, the ship is actually going down."
- Mark Crothers
Read more »

When Your Pastime Takes Ownership

"Dan. If you've read any of my articles, you've probably figured out that I'm seriously into racket sports — tennis, badminton, pickleball, table tennis, padel… if it involves a racket, I'm in. It takes up a fair chunk of my time and a bit of money, but I never let it run the show. Case in point: I normally play tennis on Wednesday mornings, but this week I skipped it to take Suzie dress shopping in Belfast, she's looking for her mother of the bride outfit. And today, despite being a regular pickleball day, the weather was too good to waste, so I ditched the court for the garden and spent the morning and afternoon with my chainsaw and loppers instead. No regrets. That's kind of my philosophy — being passionate about something is great, brilliant even, but only when it sits comfortably alongside the rest of your life."
- Mark Crothers
Read more »

How did you avoid being in the 39%?

"In my late 20s I went through the tech bear market. Watching a portfolio collapse early in one’s career is psychologically scarring. At that point I didn’t have much financial capital left—only my future earning power and a mortgage to overshadow it. That experience forced me to educate myself about inflation, risk, and compounding. By the time the Global Financial Crisis arrived, the lesson had already been internalized. I still remember the nausea of watching markets fall, but I did nothing. In hindsight, that restraint made all the difference and it was an important lesson in the psychology of investing. Investing discipline is far harder than the influencers and financial press make it sound. For younger people who ask me about markets, I suggest holding as much as 50% in bonds until they have lived through their first real bear market. Experiencing volatility firsthand is often the only way to understand one’s true risk tolerance. I still have very mixed feelings about the 401(k) plan versus pensions since I am skeptical a vast majority of Americans have the time and interest in this. The next bear market will be another teachable moment for all of us."
- Mark Gardner
Read more »

New to building a CD or Bond Ladder?

"Agree as far as TIPS go, but nominal bonds might still have a place in our taxable, again assuming no room in Traditional IRA or 401(k)."
- Michael1
Read more »

It’s Never Too Late

"Sometimes working backwards helps. Decide where you want to be in ten years (or twenty years or another time, if you prefer.) Set a quantitative financial goal for that target year. Then build a chart year by year that tells you where you need to get to in each of the years before that target year to make that final goal. That chart should help you see how much you need to put away each year or how much your existing portfolio needs to grow each year in order to make it to the next year, and ultimately to the final goal. This is a realistic way to plan for the future, and will keep you from setting unrealistic goals that are simply unattainable, goals that won't get you where you want to go, or goals that you won't really commit to."
- Martin McCue
Read more »

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Get Educated

Manifesto

NO. 21: A HIGH income makes it easier to grow wealthy. But no matter how much we earn, we’ll struggle to amass a healthy nest egg—unless we learn to spend less than we earn.

Truths

NO. 12: WE STRUGGLE with self-control and rely on tricks to compensate. To limit spending, we shift money from our checking account to accounts we deem untouchable. To force ourselves to save, we sign up for payroll contributions to our 401(k). We adopt rules such as “save all income from the second job” and “never dip into capital.”

think

SEQUENCE OF RETURNS. Our investment success hinges not only on long-run market returns, but also on when good and bad performance occur. Ideally, we get lousy results when we’re saving, so we buy stocks and bonds at bargain prices. But as we approach retirement age, we should hope for a huge stock market rally, so we can cash out at lofty valuations.

act

CAP ALTERNATIVE investments. How much do you have in various alternative investments—everything from gold to commodities to hedge funds? As a rule, keep your allocation to 10% or less of your total portfolio’s value, and favor simpler, less expensive options, such as mutual funds that focus on gold-mining stocks and real estate investment trusts.

Two-minute checkup

Manifesto

NO. 21: A HIGH income makes it easier to grow wealthy. But no matter how much we earn, we’ll struggle to amass a healthy nest egg—unless we learn to spend less than we earn.

Spotlight: Careers

Sticking Power

MY HUSBAND’S READING material consists of financial publications and Chemical & Engineering News, a throwback to his chemistry education. The other day, I glanced over his shoulder to see an article about Spencer F. Silver.
Never heard of him? No doubt, you’ve used a Post-it Note or two. Silver invented their adhesive while a chemist at 3M.
The article told of his passing, and went into a technical explanation of the science behind the Post-it Note.

Read more »

Raise Your Voice

OVER THE PAST SEVEN years, HumbleDollar has become my professional life’s passion. Cancer means I have maybe another year in me—and then it’ll be up to you. My hope: The site will have a life beyond me.
On the site’s homepage, just below the latest articles, you’ll find a new feature dubbed Forum. Will HumbleDollar have a lively future, rather than fading into a dusty collection of old articles? That all depends on whether readers and writers embrace the Forum,

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Twin Peeks

CAN IT REALLY BE TWO years since I wrote about sending my twins off to college? One is a chemistry major, midway through her junior year. Meanwhile, for her twin sister, the artist, there have been big changes in her college trajectory.
My initial criteria for college selections included published statistics on cost, likelihood of admission, timely graduation and low rates of loan default. I took this last stat as a reasonable proxy for post-college success.

Read more »

Hopping Around

THERE’S BEEN MUCH talk in 2021 about the future of work, with a big focus on remote and hybrid office arrangements. But I’m more intrigued by another major trend: job hopping. Each month, labor economists get a fresh read on the pace of hirings, firings and quits. In fact, the “quit rate” has become a household term in 2021, as workers change jobs to snag higher pay.
That got me thinking about conventional personal finance wisdom,

Read more »

Count Me Out

MY ALL-TIME FAVORITE movie is the Coen brothers’ 2000 classic, O Brother, Where Art Thou? At one point, Holly Hunter’s character, Penelope, declares, “I’ve said my piece and I’ve counted to three.” Her estranged husband, played by George Clooney, understood from long experience that once she had “counted to three,” her mind couldn’t be changed.
Last summer, I wrote an article that explored the decisions my husband and I are working through about our retirement date and location.

Read more »

Not So Fast

THE GENDER PAY GAP is quantifiable. But there are also other, subtler forms of workplace discrimination that are harder to quantify, but which women face every day.
When I was part of a five-person analyst team, my manager invited everyone on the team to a poker night at his house—except me, the only female. When I asked why I was left out, he said the absence of women would make the guys feel freer to relax.

Read more »

Spotlight: Forsythe

You Aren’t Listening

WHEN IT COMES to communication, I’m kind of a fanatic. (My wife would say I should drop the “kind of.”) More specifically, I’m a fan of responsive communication. Back in my working days, when I practiced criminal law, I made it a point to return phone calls and emails from clients promptly. It was rare that I didn’t do it the same day. If that meant staying late at the office until I caught up, I stayed late. Whenever I had a client who had had a different lawyer on a previous case, the most frequent complaints were “I couldn’t ever talk to him” or “she wouldn’t return my calls or emails.” I was always sympathetic to these gripes. It really gets my dander up if someone I’m doing business with is nonresponsive. When it comes to dealing with our finances, responsive communication is essential. How hard is it to communicate with the financial companies you use? And what means of communication do they provide? I’ve noticed a growing trend away from email, and toward telephone and “chat.” I dislike this for several reasons. First, I like email because you have a written record—the all-important paper trail. I keep every message of any significance, which is probably why my email cache is so huge. As for “chat,” which every company seems to tout these days, sometimes you can request that a transcript of the chat be emailed to you. If they do (and not all will), that’s good for your records. But based on my experience, I suspect that the chat gig is reserved for the newest hires. I’ve seldom had much luck getting anything but the most basic chores accomplished by “chatting.” [xyz-ihs snippet="Mobile-Subscribe"] As for the phone, which companies tend to push, we all know the headaches. There’s a guaranteed initial round of aggravation as you negotiate with a robot. That’s followed by a total crapshoot when you finally manage to get a human on the line. Some phone reps are great, but more are mediocre or worse. And there’s no written record, of course. But the companies, as they are pleased to tell you, are recording the call—so they have a great record. I once heard of a fellow who’d always begin his conversation with the phone rep by announcing that “for security and training purposes” he was recording the call. When I’m contemplating doing business with a new company, sometimes I’ll first try communicating with the folks there. If they make that unduly burdensome, I’ll look elsewhere. When I first began investing on my own, I opened accounts at Charles Schwab and Vanguard Group, both of which I still use today. One of the best things about Schwab has been their topnotch customer service and responsiveness. You could actually call them up and very quickly not only get a human on the line, but an intelligent human who made it clear he or she was actually going to help. And the folks almost always did. I think that’s still pretty much the case, although the other day I needed to call them and got hit with the dreaded, “We’re currently experiencing longer-than-normal wait times….” I hope that was just an aberration. As for Vanguard, there’s a lot I love about the company, but its communication and responsiveness are often mediocre. I always have an assigned rep, but there’s rapid turnover among them. The new ones often don’t even bother introducing themselves. (By contrast, I’ve had the same Schwab rep for years and he’s very responsive.) When I actually need something done—most often because of a website glitch—the typical Vanguard response is that they’ll report it to the technology folks. Then I never hear back, and the problem is often ignored. When you deal with a company rep, the Holy Grail is someone who asks for a little time to resolve the issue, and then not only resolves it but also later updates you. This doesn’t happen often. But when it does, what I really want to do is nominate them for an Academy Award for customer service. But instead, I usually contact their boss to make sure they get some well-deserved kudos. Andrew Forsythe retired in 2017 after almost four decades practicing criminal law in Austin, Texas, first as a prosecutor and then as a defense attorney. His wife Rosalinda and he, along with their dogs, live outside Austin, at the edge of the Texas Hill Country. Their four kids are now grown, independent and successful. They're also blessed with four beautiful grandkids. Andrew loves dogs, and enjoys collecting pocketknives and flashlights. Check out his earlier articles. [xyz-ihs snippet="Donate"]
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Humbly Received

EVEN AS I'VE WRITTEN regularly for HumbleDollar over the past year, I’ve also learned a lot from the other writers. There have been specific tips I’ve picked up, as well as more general strategies that have influenced my thinking. For instance, John Lim and others have touted the benefits of Series I savings bonds, with their virtually risk-free interest rate, currently set at a whopping 7.12%. My wife and I took the plunge, opened TreasuryDirect accounts and bought the maximum allowed. The comments on articles can likewise be helpful. Recently, a reader mentioned that, thanks to a couple of promos, he was getting 1.1% on his Marcus online savings account. My Marcus account was yielding 0.5%, so this got my attention. I referred my wife and she opened a Marcus account, getting us both a 0.5% interest bonus for three months. Then we joined AARP, which got us another 0.1% for two years. Adam Grossman’s article on how to analyze the total cost of owning a particular mutual fund is a great tool. I’ve used it in deciding whether to sell some actively managed funds I bought decades ago and which now have significant unrealized capital gains. Charles Ellis’s recent article on fees reinforced, in a dramatic way, my belief in a low-cost index fund approach. His same logic applies to fees paid to an advisor, strengthening my resolve to stay with my do-it-yourself approach for as long as I have enough marbles remaining. More generally, just seeing so many HumbleDollar contributors and commenters embracing the same basic principles—start early, keep fees low, diversify, trade infrequently, maintain a healthy cash reserve and so on—has been helpful. It reinforces what I’ve personally learned, often the hard way, and gives me confidence that I’m on the right path. Sometimes, the dividends paid by the site are unique and completely unexpected. A while back, I mentioned my hobby of collecting pocket knives, and how I sell some of them each year to benefit organizations that help our canine friends. A reader with a knife question got in touch. He had owned an unusual pocket knife decades ago, but sadly lost it. He asked my help in finding a replacement. The pocket knife gods were with us. I found one on eBay, and also gave the reader some eBay tips I’d picked up over the years. He won the auction for the knife and, to show his gratitude, made a contribution to a very worthy dog organization I’d mentioned in my article.
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Seeking Input on Medicare Supplement Carriers

After just being hit with an almost 30% premium increase from Mutual of Omaha (MOO), I'm shopping around for a new Medicare Supplement carrier. I actually like MOO for their generally good customer service, user friendly website, and fast claims processing. Twice in past years, I've been able to stay with MOO but avoid a price hike by switching to one of their sister companies, which I wrote about here. It seems that option is no longer available, hence my looking into other carriers. I'm fortunate to have good health and should be able to pass medical underwriting. I've gotten somewhat lower quotes from Humana and Cigna. I've gotten substantially lower quotes from two less familiar names: Banker's Fidelity (part of Atlantic Capital Life Assurance Co.) and Wellabe (formerly Medico). I'd appreciate a post from anyone who's had experience with any of these companies, including their recent history of premium increases, customer service, website user friendliness, and claims processing. I'm particularly interested in hearing about Wellabe/Medico. Thanks!
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Home, Auto & Umbrella Insurance—“Longevity Benefit”?

Recently, and spurred by the horrific fires in L.A., there's been a lot of attention on home insurance, including skyrocketing premiums. Like many people, we have our home, auto, and umbrella policies with the same company, and have seen our premiums increase dramatically in the last few years. I've occasionally heard mention, without much in the way of specifics, of a "longevity benefit" in staying with the same insurance company rather than constantly shopping around and switching. I'm hoping someone with a background in insurance can shed some light on this. First off, is there any truth to it? If so, is the benefit in the form of smaller premium increases for long term policyholders, or a smaller chance of being dropped, or...? Thanks for any insights.
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MOO for Me

I'VE WRITTEN BEFORE about stumbling on an unexpected way to save on auto insurance. My education continues: I’ve also learned of a way to save on Medigap coverage. When I became eligible five years ago for Medicare, I bought Medigap Plan G supplemental coverage from Mutual of Omaha (MOO). Last summer, as my wife was about to become eligible for Medicare, we took another look at Medigap coverage. I was generally happy with MOO’s claims procedures and customer service, as well as the fact that MOO would extend a 12% “household discount” if we also got my wife’s policy from MOO. But I didn’t like the fact that my own premiums had gone from an initial $97 a month to $148.02, an increase of almost 53%. One day, I received a mailer from Omaha Supplemental Insurance Co., a MOO company, which quoted a $115.18 monthly premium for a 69-year-old male nonsmoker, my status at the time. Although my policy was with a different MOO company, United World Life Insurance, I couldn’t understand the significant price difference. I contacted the insurance broker who had helped me with my original Medigap application, and asked if I could simply switch MOO subsidiaries and benefit from the lower rate. She replied that the lower quote was for “new business” and, since I was already a MOO customer, I didn’t qualify. My broker was retiring, so I found a new broker who seemed very knowledgeable and I repeated my question to him. To my surprise, he said that I would indeed be considered “new business” if I applied to a different MOO subsidiary. I next contacted Mutual of Omaha directly and a representative confirmed the good news. Since I was applying for a new Medigap policy outside the initial open enrollment period—the period when I first became eligible for Medicare at age 65—I’d have to pass medical underwriting. Fortunately, I’m in good health and, after answering a few questions on a form, I was accepted. My wife’s quoted rates were the same at both my original MOO company and at the new one: $96.41 a month. And my new broker, since he was writing me a new policy, received a well-deserved commission. As for me, going from $148.02 to $115.18 a month is saving me $394.08 a year. While I’ll be on the receiving end of premium increases going forward, starting from this new lower base means I should keep saving every year. After a few years, if my premiums again get uncomfortably high, I’ll start researching whether there’s yet another MOO subsidiary that would be happy to consider me “new business.”
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Forever War

THE ABOVE HEADLINE doesn’t refer to Afghanistan. Even that 20-year struggle has finally come to an end. This is about an even more relentless campaign—against the cable company. In my case, that means Spectrum, part of Charter Communications. The first question is, why haven’t I cut the cord? The short answer: My wife loves sports on TV and cable seems to be the only way to get all her favorites. As cable victims know, after those enticing “new customer” deals expire, you’re subject to a constant series of escalating fees, which can quickly have your monthly bill skyrocketing. There’s only one remedy, I’ve found, and that’s constant negotiating. As soon as I see an increase in my bill, I examine it. If it’s just an increase in the cost of a standard component, I’m probably stuck with it. But the more substantial increases come from the expiration of whatever promotions I currently have. The next step is calling Spectrum and telling the robot I want to cancel service, which gets me to “Customer Retention.” Once there, I explain to the rep that I’m willing to remain a customer, but only with enough new promos to get my bill back to where it was. I’ve found that some reps really try to help and others have a bad attitude from the get-go. When I get the latter, I usually just claim a bad connection and spin the wheel with another call. It takes time on the phone and persistence, but I can usually get my bill back close to where it was—and occasionally even a little less. It’s crucial to take good notes, including the name of the rep, because often my next bill doesn’t jibe with the new discounts I’d been promised. That means yet another phone call is needed. Not long ago, I spoke with a friend who didn’t know negotiation was even possible, and probably wouldn’t bother with it anyway. His monthly Spectrum bill was $75 higher than mine for the same services.
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